Management

33 occupations · 939,800 workers · Avg. AI exposure: 4.55/10

Occupations

Total employment

939,800

LFS Q4 2025

Avg. AI exposure

4.55 / 10

weighted by employment

Average salary

58,306 €

High risk

score > 7/10

Note: Employment figures are estimates based on LFS Q4 2025 and Census 2021. Scores are theoretical — not predictions.

Score

Occupation

CNO

Employment

Average salary

EU AI Act

Human resources directors

Directors of policy, planning and other administrative departments n.e.c.

Sales and marketing directors

Advertising and public relations directors

Research and development directors

Directors of information and communications technology (ICT) services

Senior officials of the Public Administration

Directors of social interest organisations

Chief executives and managing directors

Directors of bank branches, financial services and insurance

Directors of other professional services companies n.e.c.

Hotel directors and managers

Directors and managers of other accommodation services

Restaurant directors and managers

Directors and managers of bars, cafés and similar establishments

Directors and managers of catering and other food service companies

Directors and managers of wholesale trade companies

Directors and managers of retail trade companies

Directors of manufacturing industries

Directors of supply, transport, distribution and related companies

Directors of education services

Directors and managers of recreational, cultural and sports companies

Members of the executive branch (national, regional and local) and legislature

Directors of construction companies

Directors of social services for children

Directors-managers of health centres

Directors of social services for the elderly

Directors of other social services

Directors and managers of waste management and other service companies n.e.c.

Directors of agricultural, livestock and forestry production

Directors of fishery and aquaculture production

Directors of mining operations

Source: LFS Q4 2025, INE Census 2021, SEPE 2024 · Methodology v30 · CC BY 4.0 · Authors: Álvaro de Nicolás, Miguel Sureda