Construction
44 occupations · 1,978,099 workers · Avg. AI exposure: 1.99/10
Occupations
44
Total employment
2.0M
LFS Q4 2025
Avg. AI exposure
1.99 / 10
weighted by employment
Average salary
24,065 €
High risk
0
score > 7/10
Note: Employment figures are estimates based on LFS Q4 2025 and Census 2021. Scores are theoretical — not predictions.
Score
Occupation
CNO
Employment
Average salary
EU AI Act
2.5
Moulders and coremakers
7311
620
24,551 €
Minimal risk
2.5
Welders and oxy-fuel cutters
7312
36,541
25,779 €
Minimal risk
2.5
Sheet metal workers and boilermakers
7313
16,981
24,551 €
Minimal risk
2.5
Structural metal erectors
7314
58,372
27,006 €
Minimal risk
2.5
Cable structure assemblers and cable splicers
7315
4,499
27,006 €
Minimal risk
2.5
Blacksmiths and forgers
7321
15,000
24,551 €
Minimal risk
2.5
Toolmakers, fitters, pattern makers, die makers and related
7322
28,411
24,551 €
Minimal risk
2.5
Machine tool setters and operators
7323
118,582
24,551 €
Minimal risk
2.5
Metal polishers and tool sharpeners
7324
2,693
24,551 €
Minimal risk
2.0
Plasterers (ornamental)
7211
37,383
23,323 €
Minimal risk
2.0
Plaster and mortar coating applicators
7212
35,603
23,323 €
Minimal risk
2.0
Plumbers
7221
37,218
23,323 €
Minimal risk
2.0
Gas fitters in buildings
7222
1,602
23,323 €
Minimal risk
2.0
Pipeline installers in public works
7223
4,000
23,323 €
Minimal risk
2.0
Painters and wallpaperers
7231
71,804
23,323 €
Minimal risk
2.0
Painters in manufacturing industries
7232
19,387
23,323 €
Minimal risk
2.0
Floor layers, parquet layers and related
7240
31,039
23,323 €
Minimal risk
2.0
Refrigeration and air conditioning mechanics-installers
7250
14,651
23,323 €
Minimal risk
2.0
Roof tilers
7291
7,934
23,323 €
Minimal risk
2.0
Thermal and sound insulation installers
7292
7,703
23,323 €
Minimal risk
2.0
Glaziers
7293
5,985
24,551 €
Minimal risk
2.0
Solar panel installers
7294
28,730
26,515 €
Minimal risk
2.0
Building facade and chimney cleaners
7295
9,061
23,323 €
Minimal risk
2.0
Motor vehicle mechanics and fitters
7401
206,080
23,323 €
Minimal risk
2.0
Aircraft engine mechanics and fitters
7402
5,220
23,323 €
Minimal risk
2.0
Agricultural and industrial machinery mechanics and fitters
7403
89,243
23,323 €
Minimal risk
2.0
Naval and railway machinery mechanics and fitters
7404
14,909
27,006 €
Minimal risk
2.0
Bicycle repairers and related
7405
6,948
19,641 €
Minimal risk
2.0
Construction electricians and related
7510
182,103
23,323 €
Minimal risk
2.0
Electrical equipment mechanics and repairers
7521
56,527
23,323 €
Minimal risk
2.0
Electrical line installers and repairers
7522
35,036
27,006 €
Minimal risk
2.0
Electronic equipment mechanics and repairers
7531
33,356
23,323 €
Minimal risk
2.0
Biomedical equipment installers and repairers
7532
977
28,234 €
Minimal risk
2.0
ICT installers and repairers
7533
50,601
23,323 €
Minimal risk
1.5
Formworkers and concrete placement workers
7111
274,587
23,323 €
Minimal risk
1.5
Prefabricated structural component assemblers (concrete only)
7112
11,817
23,323 €
Minimal risk
1.5
Bricklayers
7121
230,625
23,323 €
Minimal risk
1.5
Stonemasons, stone cutters, carvers and engravers
7122
1,494
23,323 €
Minimal risk
1.5
Carpenters (except cabinet makers)
7131
21,105
23,323 €
Minimal risk
1.5
Metal frame and window installers and metal carpenters (except structural steel erectors)
7132
18,658
23,323 €
Minimal risk
1.5
Building maintenance workers
7191
65,003
23,323 €
Minimal risk
1.5
Technical facade installers
7192
591
23,323 €
Minimal risk
1.5
Waterproofing system installers in buildings
7193
1,765
25,779 €
Minimal risk
1.5
Other structural construction workers n.e.c.
7199
77,655
23,323 €
Minimal risk
Source: LFS Q4 2025, INE Census 2021, SEPE 2024 · Methodology v30 · CC BY 4.0 · Authors: Álvaro de Nicolás, Miguel Sureda